Chapter+2+Key+Concepts

The ring of fire is a series of volcanoes on the bottom of the pacific ocean. It is called the ring of fire because it makes a circle and they are very hot. Magma boils out of these volcanoes and hardens on the sea floor. They are caused by cracks in the earth which was made by tectonic plates moving together.

The Mariana Trench is the deepest elevation in the worlds oceans. It is estimated to be about 10,971 meters deep and is located on the western part of the pacific ocean. It divides two tectonic plates which is the cause of the trench to have been formed. The pressure in the mariana trench is 1,086 bars which is 1000 times more then standard atmospheric pressure at sea level.

There once was a belief that a very long time ago all the continents of the world were once conjoined. As time went on the land masses started to float away from each other causing them to form the 7 continents of the world. This can only be proved as a theory, due to the lack of evidence. It's known as the Continental Drift Theory. This colliding and spreading of plates formed as what we know now as mountains like the Himalyas, which were formed by upward. The Andes which were formed by subduction. It formed island as well, and rifts which soon resulted in mountains. With the earth moving at a rapid rate this can cause earthquakes which are viloent movement of plates along faults.

Magma is melted rock in the earth’s core. It comes out of a volcano sometimes with explosive force. When cooled by water it turns back into rock. It can consume total cities or form new land in the ocean. In ancient time it once destroyed the Greek city of Pompeii and perfectly preserved all that were killed in the lava.

Erosion: there is a lot of types of erosion which are caused by different causes, the first one is the one that we call water erosion which is caused by water, the other one is glacier erosion wich is caused by the melting of glacier and there is another one called wind erosion which is caused by the wind wich brows away the soil on the surface of earth. Volcanic eruption: is the erupting of a volcano which is caused by the plate tectonics that shakes the earth to cause more pressure and contrast

The glacier are types of weather which can disappear if globlal warming keeps rising and finaly we might live in the world without them and technicaly that wouldn't be good for the environment that depends on the glacier climate.

Earthquakes are sudden movements of tectonic plates. These movements send shock waves throughout the area and cause a violent shaking in the earth. Earthquakes can cause billions of dollars in property damage. The epicenter in the central point where the shock waves from the earthquake are emmited from. Earthquakes are very dangerous and they occur on fault lines. Often earthquakes strike heavily populated areas suck as san fransisco.

There are two types of water on the earth, salt water and fresh water. Salt water is water that contains dissolved salt, and cannot be drank. Fresh water, however, can be drank because it does not contian salt. 97% of the water on the earth is salt water, and is found in oceans. The three percent we can drink comes from lakes, streams, rivers and ground water aquifers.

The earth is made up of four levels. These levels are the crust, the mantle, the outer core, and the inner core. The temperature is less then 1800 degrees farenheight for the crust, 1800-6300 degrees farenheight for the mantle, 6300-7200 degrees farenheight for the outer core and 7200-8500 degrees farenheight for the inner core. The way the earth is divided is almost the same ration of a baseball. The skin of the baseball represents the crust, the wound up yarn represtents the mantel and the rubber ball repersents the core.

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